Here is an HTML5 cheat sheet:
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<article> specifies an independent block of content. The contents of an article tags should be entire self-contained. A blog post or new article could be wrapped in an <article> tag, for example.
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<section> specifies a subsection of a block of content, such as an <article>. If a blog post was broken into several sections by subheaders, each section could be wrapped with a <section> tag. Just as books have chapters, blocks of content can have section.
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<header> could serve two purposes: (1) to specify the header of a page or (2) to indicate the header section of a self-contained block of content (an <article>). <header> tags might contain navigation, branding or the document headline.
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<hgroup> is used to wrap a section of headings (<h1> through <h6>). A great example would be an article with both a headline and subheadline at the top:
<hgroup>
<h1>Main Headline</h1>
<h2>Article tagline or subheading</h2>
</hgroup>
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<footer> is a bit like the <header> tag. It could specific the <footer> of an entire HTML document or the footer of an <article>. This may contain things like footer navigation or meta-data about an article (author, data, etc)
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<aside> is for content related to the parent element in which is resides, but not strictly part of the main document. In other words,
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could be used on a website sidebar or it could be used within an <article> for special call outs – like the “did you know” call outs found in many books.
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<nav> is meant to enclose site navigation. This can be used anywhere: main site navigation, previous/next article links, or pagination.
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<video> is for video content. Its purpose is to provide a cross-browser compatible way to display video.